In some cities, notably Berlin, radio broadcasts brought the speeches, songs, and ceremonial chants "live" to countless German listeners. After World War I, many students opposed the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and found in National Socialism a suitable vehicle for their political discontent and hostility. Libraries, says Ovenden, are far more than stores of literature: by preserving legal documents such as Magna Carta and records of citizenship, they also support the rule of law and the rights of ordinary citizens. The Nazi book burnings provoked international criticism from intellectuals and the press. On April 8 the students’ association also drafted its twelve "theses"—a deliberate evocation of Martin Luther’s 95 Theses: declarations which described the fundamentals of a "pure" national language and culture. In an effort to synchronize the literary community, Goebbels had a strong ally in the National Socialist German Students’ Association (Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund, or NSDStB). Burning the Books: A History of Knowledge Under Attack Richard Ovenden writes with erudition and flair of archives and destruction of evidence … ...", "there’s a real seriousness to this tale of transformation, not so much a miracle as real-life escape...", "Oliver Soden’s ‘biography’ of Christopher Smart’s cat Jeoffry is a sly introduction to the full panoply of Georgian London...", "It is sad, pathetic but not really frightening...", William Shakespeare, Paul Edmondson, Stanley Wells, "Wells and Edmondson are doing insightful critical work, and they are also inevitably reflecting the politics of our current moment...", "An insight into the vital craft of the State Pathologist – just don’t read it over lunch...", "an intriguing, honest and superbly documented portrait of what could be called an ‘unremarkable’ SS life...", "Fiction’s freedom permits Ullmann’s tone to swivel from lyrical reverie to tough-minded judgment...", "The book examines the push-pull dilemma —the ‘tension between isolation and connection’...", "His work on language and colonialism is newly urgent in these times, but he is also one of the great literary explorers of the human condition...", "why do we love cities? Among the authors whose books student leaders burned that night were well-known socialists such as Bertolt Brecht and August Bebel; the founder of the concept of communism, Karl Marx; critical “bourgeois” writers like the Austrian playwright Arthur Schnitzler; and “corrupting foreign influences,” among them American author Ernest Hemingway. The book burnings stood as a powerful symbol of Nazi intolerance and censorship. ...", "Sasha Swire can’t quite establish a sufficiently consistent or convincing tone of voice and doesn’t know enough...", "The captivating story of the secret agent who travelled the world with kids in tow, fooled MI5 and passed atomic secrets to the USSR...". Most people probably don’t think about or see these connections, but they must recognize that something sinister is going on when books are burned. Its sweep is quite astonishing and yet, amazingly, his narrative runs to just 320 pages. Many books have been published in both eBook and print format, and you might find there are some books at your local library on the subject. Beginning on May 10, 1933, Nazi-dominated student groups carried out public burnings of books they claimed were “un-German.” The book burnings took place in 34 university towns and cities. Other articles where Burning of the books is discussed: Mao Chang: …dynasty (221–206 bc), a massive burning of books took place in which most copies of the Confucian classics were destroyed. German university students were among the vanguard of the early Nazi movement, and in the late 1920s, many filled the ranks of various Nazi formations. At the meeting places, students threw the pillaged and “unwanted” books onto bonfires with great ceremony, band-playing, and so-called “fire oaths.” In Berlin, some 40,000 persons gathered in the Opernplatz to hear Joseph Goebbels deliver a fiery address: “No to decadence and moral corruption!” Goebbels enjoined the crowd. Other writers included on the blacklists were American authors Jack London, Theodore Dreiser, and Helen Keller, whose belief in social justice encouraged her to champion the disabled, pacifism, improved conditions for industrial workers, and women's voting rights. Maybe if the connection between burning books and burning people were made more explicit, the general social condemnation would be louder, making it more difficult for people to choose to burn books in the first place. At this point, I had to stop reading Ovenden’s book for a moment, to picture the author going through the dressing-table drawers of, say, his elderly aunt. The burning of books and the burning of people are two of the actions for which Nazi Germany is most infamous. Ovenden is the head of Oxford university’s Bodleian Library. Book burning refers to the ritual destruction by fire of books or other written materials. That’s not what he did with his own manuscripts. Also among those works burned were the writings of beloved nineteenth-century German Jewish poet Heinrich Heine, who wrote in his 1820–1821 play Almansor the famous admonition, “Dort, wo man Bücher verbrennt, verbrennt man am Ende auch Menschen": "Where they burn books, they will also ultimately burn people.". “When I see the Grim Reaper coming up the path,” he wrote in a letter, “I’m going to the bottom of the garden, like Thomas Hardy, and I’ll have a bonfire of all the things I don’t want anyone to see.”. Philip Larkin, a librarian by trade, kept his own papers in good order and in an essay urged the preservation of manuscripts that enlarge our “understanding of a writer’s life and work”. Austin Cline, a former regional director for the Council for Secular Humanism, writes and lectures extensively about atheism and agnosticism. I imagine this would be an oddly impressive sight, for by day he is Bodley’s librarian (the most senior position at the Bodleian Libraries in Oxford). (I was slightly peeved that Ovenden didn’t devote some attention to this catastrophe; it would have been interesting to have his take on it.) The wonderful Beyond 2022 project is the recuperative force in this case, digitally bringing together copies and surrogates of many of the records lost in 1922.

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