The genetic modification (GM) involves adding a bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to cotton. Impact of Bt cotton of famrer’s health (In Bharwani and Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh. The latest weapon in the arsenal to keep Australia's cotton crops free of insect pests has been launched. In the southern state of Andhra Pradesh, for example, the government estimates that 70% of the 1.9 million hectares planted with Bt cotton in 2011 had a yield loss of more than 50%. Sakkhari, Kiran and A Qayum. Field Questions. [xxiii] Deccan Herald, 2012. Banks are reluctant to lend to small-scale farmers and many are forced to borrow from independent moneylenders who charge high interest rates. By making the bold move, Kenya not only became the first East African country to ever adopt a transgenic cotton crop, but could also become the first in the region to grow genetically engineered food crops –if it approves Bt Cassava and Bt Maize whose research are currently at advanced stages. "We put our gene into their varieties. http://www.biosafety-info.net/article.php?aid=352. Most small-scale farmers have to borrow money to buy expensive seeds, pesticides and fertilizers each season. Available at: http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/cotton-saga-unravels, [xvii] Navdanya, Navdanya International, the International Commission on the Future of Food and Agriculture, with the Centre for Food Safety. As many farmers shifted away from using their own saved seed, their dependence on the market for seed and other inputs grew. [viii] Failures of Bt cotton crop have been attributed to poor quality seeds, the emergence of secondary pests, bollworm resistance, and the fact that Bt technology, which was developed in the US, is not well adapted to Indian agricultural conditions.[ix]. and; Subramani, M., 2011. [xii] Monsanto, 2010. In many regions, the main pests in commercial cotton are lepidopteranlarvae, which are killed by the Bt pr… Available at: http://www.monsanto.com/newsviews/Pages/india-pink-bollworm.aspx. Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (Kalro) has already submitted an application to the National Biosafety Authority seeking open field cultivation of Bt cassava varieties that would later allow breeding and multiplication of the tubers before it’s availed to farmers. Tony May from Monsanto, the American multi-national behind this GM technology, said the latest advance, Bollgard 3, involved the addition of an extra gene or protein to several cotton varieties. 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While Indian cotton farmers struggle with insect resistance, another issue has evolved in Africa, with claims the genetic modification of crops there has resulted in a reduction in cotton fibre quality. [xx] Gaur PM, et al, 2010. Mr Dowd-Uribe said despite local farmers being satisfied with the production gains made by using GM cotton, processors were encouraging local farmers not to grow GM cotton. Increase harvests and farm income by reducing crop losses due to pest attacks. Bt cotton and livestock: health impacts, biosafety concerns and the Legitimacy of Public Scientific Research Institutions. "That's going to make it much more difficult for insects to develop resistance.". Furthermore, a number of key target insects are beginning to show resistance to Bt. Seedy Deals. [iv] However, 70% of the 73% yield increase reported since Bt cotton was first introduced took place between 2002 and 2005 when less than 5% of the area under cotton production had shifted to growing Bt hybrids. Genetically Modified Bt Cotton: Cultivating Farmer Distress in India. Burkina Faso is the only country in Africa to grow genetically engineered cotton, which was introduced into the West African nation in 2008. The failure of Bt cotton to deliver on its promises to farmers has taken a heavy human toll.

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