A broken bone or dislocated joint can interrupt the blood flow to a section of bone. Although the medial condyle is smaller than the lateral condyle, it is more readily palpable. Like its counterpart, it is also associated with a lateral epicondyle, which functions as a point of attachment for the lateral collateral ligament. The femoral shaft is a cylindrical structure with significant variability from one individual to another. Attached to the obturator crest and membrane, the iliopubic eminence, and the superior pubic ramus; blends with the iliofemoral ligament distally. The proximal end of the femur includes the: The head of the femur is a roughly spherical structure that sits superomedially and projects anteriorly from the neck of the femur. It serves as the origin site for the obturator internus, gemellus superior, and gemellus inferior muscles. The free ends of each meniscus (the horns) are attached to the tibial plateau by ligaments. 249, it is seen that the large expansion of the bone is produced by the gradual transition of the hollow shaft of compact bone to cancellated bone, resulting in the production of a much larger volume. articular surface of the lateral condyle. It is also called the thigh bone. “It will be seen that the trabeculæ lie exactly in the paths of the maximum tensile and compressive stresses (compare Figs. Consequently, any extreme variation from this angle (such as those seen in varus and valgus deformities) will result in malalignment of the mechanical axes of the respective bones. Additional discussion about clinical examination and disorders of the femur is also included. There is a so-called third tuberosity in the form of the gluteal tuberosity. The distal extremity (or end, or epiphysis) of the femur is the lower end of the bone, which articulates at the knee joint. It is the portion of the bone between the femoral head and the greater trochanter. Femur anatomy is so unique that it makes the bone suitable for supporting the numerous muscular and ligamentous attachments within this region, in addition to maximally extending the limb during ambulation. It is directed upward, medialward, and a little forward, and is globular-shaped. This intricate combination of bones is further reinforced by numerous ligaments to enhance its stability. This thickened area is about. Of course, there are cases where both aspherical femoral heads coexist with overgrown acetabula. – The extracapsular fractures are also called basicervical fractures, while intracapsular fractures are transcervical and subcapital. As you can see, the femur can have a lot of anatomical landmarks. Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver, Author: The trochanteric fossa is a depression medial to the root of the greater trochanter of the femur. There is a posterolateral surface which is limited anteriorly by the lateral border and posteriorly by the linea aspera. 2. Although it is described as being a cylindrical structure, the shaft of the femur has several surfaces and borders that blend seamlessly. There is also a posteromedial surface that is limited by the medial border anteriorly and by the linea aspera posteriorly. Toward the middle of the shaft, there are three surfaces and three borders. While several ossification centers (points of bone development) appear throughout intrauterine life, the bone continues to develop through childhood and early adolescence. These situations are classified as mixed deformities. Of note, the quadrate tubercle of the femur is also found along the intertrochanteric crest. Looking for a faster way to understand the anatomy of the femur? IX. Osteology Attached to the free edges of the acetabular labrum. There are two lines that connect the greater and lesser trochanters on the anterior and posterior aspect of the proximal femur. The groove is continuous with the lateral lip of the linea aspera. On examination, the affected limb is externally rotated when the hip is flexed and there may be limb length discrepancy. The medial wall of the fossa is formed by the lateral surface of the medial condyle, while the lateral wall is formed by the medial surface of the lateral condyle. On the anterior surface of the distal femur, toward the anterior apex of the intercondylar fossa is an area known as the patellar surface or trochlear groove. Runs from the lateral femoral condyle to the head of the fibula. II. The popliteal surface is a triangular field on the posterior aspect of the femur. The tibia also has a mechanical axis (the mechanical axis of the tibia) which runs from the knee joint line to the center of the ankle joint. Both femurs naturally converge towards the knee. The mechanism of injury is typically a high velocity from the distal end of the bone that is transmitted proximally. The intertrochanteric line is a rough anterior line between the femoral shaft and the neck of the femur, extending from the greater trochanter to lesser trochanter. Please contact: head of the femur, featuring a fovea of the femur, greater trochanter, with the trochanteric fossa. The, A prominence, of variable size, occurs at the junction of the upper part of the neck with the greater trochanter, and is called the.

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