Élu archevêque de Cologne, il devenait aussi électeur du Saint-Empire, permettant de la sorte à Louis XIV de « jouer en sous main » et d'influencer l'élection à la couronne impériale. Ce défenseur de l'Église est considéré comme un homme modeste, austère et très charitable. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Sur le plan religieux, Innocent XI est aussi confronté au quiétisme, mouvement spirituel encourageant la passivité de l'âme face à Dieu, dont l'Espagnol Miguel de Molinos, auteur du Guide spirituel (1675), est le plus ardent défenseur. Ils demandèrent sa canonisation en manifestant devant la basilique Saint-Pierre. The situation deteriorated further when Innocent opposed Louis’s candidate for the archbishopric of Cologne (1688). Il interdit également les jeux, le théâtre et l'opéra sauf pendant les derniers jours du carnaval. At the head of an armed force of about 800 men Lavardin entered Rome in November 1687, and took forcible possession of his palace. He elevated 43 new cardinals into the cardinalate in two consistories. Both Innocent XI (reigned 1676–89) and Alexander VIII (reigned 1689–91) rejected Louis’s candidates for bishoprics in France, and only in 1693, during the reign (1691–1700) of Innocent XII, was this all-but-schismatic conflict resolved. The tension between the Pope and the King of France was increased by Innocent's procedure in filling the vacant archiepiscopal see of Cologne. Cependant quelques Français tel le prince de Conti — un prince du sang — guerroiera en Hongrie quitte à subir les foudres de son puissant souverain et parent. The pope suddenly took ill with a fever on 25 June and on 29 June was unable to celebrate Mass for the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul; he had Cardinal Chigi celebrate it in his place. Le 11 septembre 1697, l'Autriche remporte la victoire décisive sur l'empire Ottoman à la bataille de Zenta. In the Hungarian calendar, it is commemorated on August 13. Il veille avec attention à la formation du clergé1. Innocent XI was frugal in matters of governing the Papal States, from dress to leading a life with Christian values. After completing his studies in grammar and letters, the 15-year-old Benedetto moved to Genoa to take part in the family business as an apprentice. He lived very parsimoniously and exhorted the cardinals to do the same. Innocent is considered the outstanding pope of the 17th century, largely because of his high moral character. He inherited an insolvent papal treasury but averted bankruptcy through wise taxation, rigid economizing, and financial support from Catholic powers. Pope Innocent XI (Latin: Innocentius XI; 16 May 1611 – 12 August 1689), born Benedetto Odescalchi, was Pope from 21 September 1676 to his death on August 12, 1689. He was formally crowned as pontiff on 4 October 1676 by the protodeacon, Cardinal Francesco Maidalchini. While there he took a prominent part in the consultations of the various congregations of which he was a member. It further stated that the faithful had to attend the Mass on Sunday itself or on the Saturday evening. Il abolit la sinécure et pendant tout son pontificat il a essayé de restituer l'éthique et la morale publique en luttant contre le népotisme, l'usure, l'esclavage, et contre le gaspillage en matière économique dans les États pontificaux. He also condemned proposition 35, which stated: "It seems probable that the fetus (as long as it is in the uterus) lacks a rational soul and begins first to have one when it is born; and consequently it must be said that no abortion is a homicide. In a time of frequent papal corruption he was free from nepotism and his integrity was unquestioned. In 1630 he narrowly survived an outbreak of plague, which killed his mother. He also canonized two saints: Bernard of Menthon in 1681 and Pedro Armengol on 8 April 1687. Cette hostilité latente se cristallise en 1673, lorsque le roi de France étend la régale (gestion par le roi des bénéfices des évêchés vacants) aux provinces de Languedoc, de Guyenne, de Provence et de Dauphiné. L’archevêché de la ville de Cologne restait sans archevêque. The former was a willing tool in the hands of Louis XIV and his appointment as Archbishop and Prince-elector of Cologne would have implied French preponderance in north-western Germany. The tension between the pope and the king was still increased by the pope's procedure in filling the vacant archiepiscopal See of Cologne. Cependant, la coalition catholique organisée par le Pape remportait la bataille de Kahlenberg, le 12 septembre 1683, aux portes de Vienne. Les troupes impériales du duc Charles V Léopold de Lorraine et de Louis-Guillaume de Bade-Bade écrasèrent les forces turques du sultan Mehmet IV à la bataille de Mohács le 12 août 1687. « Ce n'est pas avec des missionnaires armés que le Christ a pu convertir le monde », https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Innocent_XI&oldid=166845867, Personnalité inhumée dans la basilique Saint-Pierre, Article manquant de références depuis avril 2019, Article manquant de références/Liste complète, Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata, Article de Wikipédia avec notice d'autorité, Portail:Religions et croyances/Articles liés, Portail:Biographie/Articles liés/Religions et croyances, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. 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