The mighty slave army, led by Spartacus, has carried all before it, scattering the legions of Rome. This high concentration and oppressive treatment of the slave population led to rebellions. David Heska Wanbli Weiden knew just what he’d be doing as the August launch of his debut novel, Winter Counts, was approaching. Crassus's legions followed and upon arrival built fortifications across the isthmus at Rhegium,[citation needed] despite harassing raids from the rebels. Three praetors, two consuls and one proconsul have been defeated. [26], Appian claims that Spartacus executed some 300 captured Roman soldiers to avenge the death of Crixus, forcing them to fight each other to the death as gladiators. [49] Appian also states that he later abandoned that goal, which might have been no more than a reflection of Roman fears. Classical historians were divided as to the motives of Spartacus. For some reason, Varinius seems to have split his forces under the command of his subordinates Furius and Cossinius. Although Roman authors assumed that the escaped slaves were a homogeneous group with Spartacus as their leader, they may have projected their own hierarchical view of military leadership onto the spontaneous organization, reducing other slave leaders to subordinate positions in their accounts. According to the differing sources and their interpretation, Spartacus was a captive taken by the legions. Not to my taste particularly but well written and great to read on the cross trainer . [33], Crassus was given a praetorship, and assigned six new legions in addition to the two formerly consular legions of Gellius and Lentulus, giving him an estimated army of some 32,000–48,000 trained Roman infantrymen plus their attached auxiliaries (there being quite a historical range in the size of Republican Legions). They trained before they fought in a gladiatorial contest with wooden weapons to prevent injury. [41] With Pompey's legions marching out of the north, and Lucullus' troops landing in Brundisium, Crassus realized that if he did not put down the slave revolt quickly, credit for the war would go to the general who arrived with reinforcements, and thus he spurred his legions on to end the conflict quickly. [47], With discipline breaking down, Spartacus turned his forces around and brought his entire strength to bear on the oncoming legions. 1.120; Appian. [16], With these victories, more and more slaves flocked to the Spartacan forces, as did "many of the herdsmen and shepherds of the region", swelling their ranks to some 70,000. “Los romanos no tenemos parangón y tú no eres más que un salvaje. Alarmed at the continued threat posed by the slaves, the Senate charged Marcus Licinius Crassus, the wealthiest man in Rome and the only volunteer for the position,[34] with ending the rebellion. These forces were also defeated by the army of escaped slaves: Cossinius was killed, Varinius was nearly captured, and the equipment of the armies was seized by the slaves. Of the survivors, some 6,000 were crucified along the Appian Way. Spartacus: The Gladiatorial Slave Leads A Revolt According to Plutarch, the slave rebellion that became the Third Servile War began with 78 people and a few dozen kitchen knives. Let us know what’s wrong with this preview of, Published Crassus' legions were victorious in several engagements, killing thousands of the rebel slaves, and forcing Spartacus to retreat south through Lucania to the straits near Messina. [43] When Crassus refused, a portion of Spartacus' forces broke out of confinement and fled toward the mountains west of Petelia (modern Strongoli) in Bruttium, with Crassus' legions in pursuit. Spartacus was a captured man from the city of Thrace that was chosen as a gladiator to fight other gladiators to the death purely to entertain the Roman public. [30] Crassus was no stranger to Roman politics, or to military command as he had been a field commander under Lucius Cornelius Sulla during the second civil war between Sulla and the Marian faction in 82 BC, and had served under Sulla during the dictatorship that followed. See, e.g., Zosimus, Historia Nova, I.71. Though the rebels lacked military training, they displayed a skilful use of available local materials and unusual tactics when facing the disciplined Roman armies. At some time during these events, one of their leaders, Oenomaus, was lost—presumably in battle—and is not mentioned further in the histories.[19]. [35], When the forces of Spartacus moved northwards once again, Crassus deployed six of his legions on the borders of the region (Plutarch claims the initial battle between Crassus' legions and Spartacus' followers occurred near the Picenum region,[30] Appian claims it occurred near the region of Samnium[37]), and detached two legions under his legate, Mummius, to maneuver behind Spartacus, but gave them orders not to engage the rebels. [6] In 73 BC, a group of some 200 gladiators in the Capuan school owned by Lentulus Batiatus plotted an escape. He appears to have served in a Roman auxiliary unit for a time, deserted and became either a bandit or insurgent against the Romans. It is not certain that the slaves were a homogeneous group under the leadership of Spartacus, although this is implied by the Roman historians. What they intended to do with this force is somewhat difficult for modern readers to determine. Little is known about this fighting enslaved man from Thrace beyond his role in the spectacular revolt that became known as the Third Servile War (73–71 BCE).

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