10 Examples of Medical Biofilms, 2 The female reproductive and urinary tract, 5 The oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract, Copyright © Alfred B. Cunningham, John E. Lennox, and Rockford J. Ross, Eds. Normal vaginal microbial flora of eight female baboons (Papio cynocephalus) included Bacteroides sp., Corynebacterium, group D Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus isolated from 47.5% of the animals and Mycoplasma isolated from 44.7% of the animals (Skangalis et al., 1979). Inflammation of the urinary bladder is a common condition, primarily affecting females, acquired through ascending infection. E. coli contamination of the vagina combined with the forceful redistribution of microorganisms during intercourse makes infection of the urethra quite common. In an experimental study with rhesus monkeys, nine animals were treated with amoxicillin. Normal flora of Respiratory tract. However, four tamarins (Saguinus labiatus) and three chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) were also intravaginally inoculated with this agent but not successfully colonized (Johnson et al., 1985). Organisms pertain to normal flora of the lower urogenital tract. Epidemiology There is incidental disease with worldwide occurrence. The flora of vervet monkeys has been reported to consist primarily of bacteroidaceae, eubacteria, and clostridia, with relatively low proportions of Lactobacillus sp. Animals with renal involvement or pyelonephritis often will be systemically ill, febrile, or azotemic and will require more aggressive treatment. Treatment Prognosis is fair at best, prolonged course of antimicrobial therapy, and nephrectomy in unresponsive cases. renale group.’ These are piliated and non-motile gram-positive rods and are distinguished biochemically. No growth (Organism present <10,000 colony forming units (CFU)/mL or mixed flora.) My partner and I have been told by several different doctors (inclding 3 urologists and a GP) several different things about what flora (and fauna for all I know) are "normally" present in the male urinary tract. Gardnerellavaginalis, Ureaplasma spp., Bacteroides, Veillonella spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and Clostridium. Melanie A. Breshears, Anthony W. Confer, in Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease (Sixth Edition), 2017. When the diet is high in protein and the urine has a high concentration of urea, Corynebacterium renale breaks the urea down to ammonia, which is cytotoxic. Being in direct contact with the vagina it is not surprising that the resident flora of the urethra closely resembles that organ. 11-46). Species specificity probably also plays a role in susceptibility to particular infectious agents. Thomas J. to a lab "came back reported as 'normal urogenital flora.'" The most common microorganism associated with HC is E. coli, an inhabitant of the gut. Such a urine culture cannot be utilized to meet the NHSN UTI criteria * The same is true for perineal flora, normal flora and vaginal flora Ovine posthitis (pizzle rot) is a disease of wethers mostly and is caused by urease-producing Corynebacterium renale. From the urea contained in the urine, the bacteria produce ammonia, which scalds the preputial region. Mark Cline, ... Elizabeth W. Ford, in Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research (Second Edition), Volume 2, 2012. The bacteria are ubiquitous in the environment and inhabit the vagina and prepuce. The flora of the major body systems The male reproductive tract. Samples from the vagina and uterus of rhesus macaques identified Streptococcus viridans, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Mobiluncus curtisii, Corynebacterium renale, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Gardnerella-like organisms as the most common bacteria (Doyle et al., 1991). Organisms pertain to normal flora of the lower urogenital tract. In both men and women, however, the kidneys are sterile. The same condition occurs in young bulls fed high protein rations or pasture in preparation for sale. This inturn is believed to protect women from colonization by many other potentially pathogenic bacteria. Corynebacterium renale, C. cystitidis, and C. pilosum are sometimes referred to as the ‘C. and Pseudomonas spp. 2 Biofilms and Chronic Infections,    Robert A. The preputial orifice of affected bulls should be debrided followed by topical application of intramammary preparations of penicillin or cloxacillin, with more severe cases also being treated with parenteral penicillin. The vaginal flora of chimpanzees consists primarily of Streptococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., and members of the family Bacteroidaceae, and in this regard they are similar to women (Noguchi et al., 2004). diphtheroids, Streptococcus viridans, Lactobacillus sp., and Peptostreptococcus sp. Thomas J. Urine acidification is particularly useful for infections with C. renale, because this organism possesses pili that adhere to uroepithelium in an alkaline environment. 4 Skin Healing in Chronic Wounds,    Cystitis also may result from the presence of uroliths, as an ascending infection from an infected urachus in neonates, and from bladder atony resulting from neurologic disorders. Pugh, in Sheep and Goat Medicine (Second Edition), 2012. Timothy J. Parkinson, Michael McGowan, in Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics (Tenth Edition), 2019. The resident flora is confined to the distal one third of the urethra connecting the bladder with the vagina. As the infant passes through the birth canal she picks up microorganisms representative of the adult reproductive tract. For lower UTIs, a treatment duration of 7 to 10 days generally is recommended, followed by repeat urinalysis to determine the ongoing need for treatment. 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